- Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher who wrote a treatise on vibrating bodies at the age of nine; he wrote his first proof, on a wall with a piece of coal, at the age of 11 years, and a theorem by the age of 16 years. He is famous for Pascal's theorem and many other contributions in mathematics, philosophy, and physics.[4]
- John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) was a British philosopher and economist. At the age of eight, Mill began studying Latin, the works of Euclid, and algebra. At about the age of twelve, Mill began a thorough study of the scholastic logic. In the following year he was introduced to political economy and studied Adam Smith and David Ricardo.
- Norbert Wiener (1894–1964) was an American philosopher and mathematician. He graduated from Ayer High School in Massachusetts at 11 years of age. He was awarded a BA in mathematics in 1909 from Tufts University at the age of 14. He earned his PhD in mathematics at Harvard University four years later.[5] He subsequently joined the department of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he made valuable contributions to the studies of stochastic processes, statistics, cybernetics, and signal processing.[6]
- William James Sidis (1898–1944) was a mathematics and language prodigy. Sidis was able to read The New York Times as an 18-month-old. He taught himself eight languages by age eight and invented his own. He was admitted into Harvard University at age 11, and in the same year attracted national attention for lecturing on 4-dimensional bodies to the Harvard Mathematical Club.[7]
- John von Neumann (1903–1957) was a "mental calculator" by the age of six years, and could tell jokes in classical Greek.[8][9] At eight, he mastered calculus and at twelve could comprehend a text written for professional mathematicians. He made his first original contribution to mathematics at age 20 with a rigorous definition of ordinal numbers. He earned his diploma in chemical engineering and his doctoral degree in mathematics three years later, writing his dissertation on axiomatic set theory. Von Neumann went on to make numerous contributions to mathematics, economics, physics, and computer science.[10] (Note: Several mathematicians were mental calculators when they were still children. Mental calculation is not to be confused with mathematics
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Test 123